Archaeobotanical Remains
by Karen R. Adams, Kristin A. Kuckelman, and Vandy E. Bowyer

Table 3. List of Plant Taxa and Parts, Sand Canyon Pueblo

Taxon

Common Name

Part

Found in Flotation Sample

Found in Macrofossil Sample

Intentionally Modified Plant Remains

Domesticated Plants

Cucurbita moschata–type

butternut squash

seed

U

U

Cucurbita pepo–type

pumpkin

seed

U

Cucurbita-type

gourd/squash

blossom scar

C, U

Cucurbita-type

gourd/squash

peduncle

C

Cucurbita-type

gourd/squash

rind

C, P, U

Cucurbita-type

gourd/squash

seed

C, P

C, U

Cucurbitaceae-type

gourd family

fruit flesh

C

Cucurbitaceae-type

gourd family

rind

C

U

Lagenaria siceraria–type

bottlegourd

seed

U

Lagenaria siceraria–type

bottlegourd

fruit (vessel)

U

Lagenaria-type

gourd

rind

C, P

Phaseolus vulgaris–type

common bean

bean (seed)

C

Phaseolus vulgaris–type

common bean

cotyledon

C

Phaseolus-type

bean

cotyledon

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

cob fragment

C, U

C, U

Zea mays

maize, corn

cob segment

C, U

Zea mays

maize, corn

cob, whole

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

cupule

C, U

C, P

Zea mays

maize, corn

embryo

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

glume

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

kernel

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

leaf

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

shank

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

shank segment

C

Zea mays

maize, corn

stem (culm)

C, P

Wild Plants

Acer-type

maple

wood

C

Amelanchier/Peraphyllum-type

serviceberry/peraphyllum

wood

C

Amelanchier/Peraphyllum-type

serviceberry/peraphyllum

pome

C

Artemisia tridentata–type

big sagebrush

wood

C

Artemisia tridentata–type

big sagebrush

flowering head

C

Artemisia tridentata–type

big sagebrush

leaf

C

Atriplex-type

saltbush

wood

C

Atriplex-type

saltbush

wood

U

Capparaceae-type

caper family

seed

C

Celtis-type

hackberry

wood

C

Cercocarpus-type

mountain mahogany

wood

C

C, U

Cercocarpus/Artemisia-type

mountain mahogany/sagebrush

axillary bud

C

Cheno-am (Chenopodium/Amaranthus)

goosefoot/pigweed

seed

C, U

C

Chenopodiaceae-type

goosefoot family

wood

C

Chrysothamnus-type

rabbitbrush

wood

C

C

Compositae-type

sunflower family

achene

C

Compositae-type

sunflower family

flowering head

C

Cruciferae-type

mustard family

seed

C

Cycloloma atriplicifolium–type

winged pigweed

seed

C

diffuse porous–type

diffuse porous

wood

C

Ephedra-type

ephedra

wood

C

C

Ephedra-type

ephedra

stem

C

Fendlera-type

fendlerbush

wood

C

Fraxinus-type

ash

wood

C

Gramineae (festucoid)-type

grass family

caryopsis

C

Gramineae-type

grass family

caryopsis

C

Gramineae-type

grass family

inflorescence

C

Gramineae-type

grass family

stem (culm)

C

Helianthus annuus–type

common sunflower

achene

C, U

Helianthus-type

sunflower

achene

C

Helianthus-type

sunflower

stem

U

Juniperus osteosperma–type

Utah juniper

scale leaf

C

Juniperus osteosperma–type

Utah juniper

twig

C

Juniperus-type

juniper

bark

P

C, P

C

Juniperus-type

juniper

berry

C, U

Juniperus-type

juniper

wood

C, P

C, U

Juniperus-type

juniper

seed

U

C, U

Juniperus-type

juniper

twig

C, U

Juniperus-type

juniper

wood

C, P, U

Leguminosae-type

legume (pea) family

seed

C

Lycium-type

wolfberry

wood

C

Malvaceae-type

mallow family

seed

U

Monocotyledon-type

monocotyledon

leaf

C

Monocotyledon-type

monocotyledon

stem (culm)

C

Monocotyledon-type

monocotyledon

tissue

C

Monocotyledon-type

monocotyledon

fiber

C

Opuntia (prickly pear)-type

prickly pear

seed

C, P, U

C, U

Penstemon-type

penstemon

seed

C

Peraphyllum-type

peraphyllum

wood

C

Phragmites australis–type

common reed

stem (culm)

U

U

Physalis longifolia–type

common groundcherry

berry

C

Physalis longifolia–type

common groundcherry

seed

C, U

Physalis-type

groundcherry

berry

C

Physalis-type

groundcherry

seed

C

Pinaceae-type

pine family

twig

C

Pinus edulis–type

pinyon pine

cone scale

C, U

Pinus-type

pine

bark scale

C, U

Pinus-type

pine

wood

C, P

U

Pinus-type

pine

nut (seed)

U

Pinus-type

pine

nutshell

U

Pinus-type

pine

wood

P, U

Plantago-type

woolly wheat

seed

C

Polygonum-type

bindweed

achene

C

Populus/Salix-type

cottonwood/willow

wood

C

C, U

Portulaca retusa–type

purslane

seed

C

Prunus/Rosa-type

chokecherry/rose

wood

C

Purshia-type

cliff-rose/bitterbrush

wood

C, P

C

Purshia-type

cliff-rose/bitterbrush

leaf

C

Purshia-type

cliff-rose/bitterbrush

seed

C

Quercus-type

oak

wood

C

Rhus aromatica–type

lemonade berry

wood

U

Rhus aromatica var. trilobata–type

lemonade berry

seed

C, U

C

ring porous–type

ring porous

wood

C

Rosaceae-type

rose family

wood

C

Salix-type

willow

wood

C

Scirpus-type

bulrush

achene

C, U

semi-ring porous–type

semi-ring porous

wood

C

Solanaceae-type

potato family

seed

C

Stipa hymenoides–type

Indian ricegrass

floret

C

Yucca baccata–type

datil yucca

leaf

C

Yucca baccata–type

datil yucca

seed

C

Yucca-type

yucca

fiber

C

C

Yucca-type

yucca

leaf

U

C

unknown botanical

unknown

various

C, U

unknown, Type A

unknown, Type A

wood

C

unknown, Type 1

unknown, Type 1

seed

C, U

unknown, Type 2

unknown, Type 2

seed

U

unknown, Type 3

unknown, Type 3

seed

C

Nonbotanical

termite

termite

fecal pellet

C

NOTE: The word "type" following a family, genus, or species designation indicates that the ancient botanical specimen is similar to the taxon named, but that other taxa in the area may also have similar-looking parts.
C = charred; P = partly charred; U = uncharred.

Copyright © 2007 by Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. All rights reserved.