Archaeobotanical Remains
by Karen R. Adams, Kristin A. Kuckelman, and Vandy E. Bowyer
Table 3. List of Plant Taxa and Parts, Sand Canyon Pueblo
Taxon
Common Name
Part
Found in Flotation Sample
Found in Macrofossil Sample
Intentionally Modified Plant Remains
Domesticated Plants
Cucurbita moschata–type
butternut squash
seed
U
Cucurbita pepo–type
pumpkin
seed
Cucurbita-type
gourd/squash
blossom scar
C, U
Cucurbita-type
gourd/squash
peduncle
C
Cucurbita-type
gourd/squash
rind
C, P, U
Cucurbita-type
gourd/squash
seed
C, P
C, U
Cucurbitaceae-type
gourd family
fruit flesh
C
Cucurbitaceae-type
gourd family
rind
C
Lagenaria siceraria–type
bottlegourd
seed
Lagenaria siceraria–type
bottlegourd
fruit (vessel)
U
Lagenaria-type
gourd
rind
C, P
Phaseolus vulgaris–type
common bean
bean (seed)
C
Phaseolus vulgaris–type
common bean
cotyledon
C
Phaseolus-type
bean
cotyledon
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
cob fragment
C, U
C, U
Zea mays
maize, corn
cob segment
C, U
Zea mays
maize, corn
cob, whole
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
cupule
C, U
C, P
Zea mays
maize, corn
embryo
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
glume
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
kernel
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
leaf
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
shank
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
shank segment
C
Zea mays
maize, corn
stem (culm)
C, P
Wild Plants
Acer-type
maple
wood
C
Amelanchier/Peraphyllum-type
serviceberry/peraphyllum
wood
C
Amelanchier/Peraphyllum-type
serviceberry/peraphyllum
pome
C
Artemisia tridentata–type
big sagebrush
wood
C
Artemisia tridentata–type
big sagebrush
flowering head
C
Artemisia tridentata–type
big sagebrush
leaf
C
Atriplex-type
saltbush
wood
C
Atriplex-type
saltbush
wood
Capparaceae-type
caper family
seed
C
Celtis-type
hackberry
wood
C
Cercocarpus-type
mountain mahogany
wood
C
C, U
Cercocarpus/Artemisia-type
mountain mahogany/sagebrush
axillary bud
C
Cheno-am (Chenopodium/Amaranthus)
goosefoot/pigweed
seed
C, U
C
Chenopodiaceae-type
goosefoot family
wood
C
Chrysothamnus-type
rabbitbrush
wood
C
C
Compositae-type
sunflower family
achene
C
Compositae-type
sunflower family
flowering head
C
Cruciferae-type
mustard family
seed
C
Cycloloma atriplicifolium–type
winged pigweed
seed
diffuse porous–type
diffuse porous
wood
C
Ephedra-type
ephedra
wood
C
C
Ephedra-type
ephedra
stem
C
Fendlera-type
fendlerbush
wood
C
Fraxinus-type
ash
wood
C
Gramineae (festucoid)-type
grass family
caryopsis
C
Gramineae-type
grass family
caryopsis
C
Gramineae-type
grass family
inflorescence
C
Gramineae-type
grass family
stem (culm)
C
Helianthus annuus–type
common sunflower
achene
C, U
Helianthus-type
sunflower
achene
C
Helianthus-type
sunflower
stem
Juniperus osteosperma–type
Utah juniper
scale leaf
C
Juniperus osteosperma–type
Utah juniper
twig
C
Juniperus-type
juniper
bark
P
C, P
C
Juniperus-type
juniper
berry
C, U
Juniperus-type
juniper
wood
C, P
C, U
Juniperus-type
juniper
seed
U
C, U
Juniperus-type
juniper
twig
C, U
Juniperus-type
juniper
wood
C, P, U
Leguminosae-type
legume (pea) family
seed
C
Lycium-type
wolfberry
wood
C
Malvaceae-type
mallow family
seed
U
Monocotyledon-type
monocotyledon
leaf
C
Monocotyledon-type
monocotyledon
stem (culm)
C
Monocotyledon-type
monocotyledon
tissue
C
Monocotyledon-type
monocotyledon
fiber
C
Opuntia (prickly pear)-type
prickly pear
seed
C, P, U
C, U
Penstemon-type
penstemon
seed
C
Peraphyllum-type
peraphyllum
wood
C
Phragmites australis–type
common reed
stem (culm)
U
U
Physalis longifolia–type
common groundcherry
berry
C
Physalis longifolia–type
common groundcherry
seed
C, U
Physalis-type
groundcherry
berry
C
Physalis-type
groundcherry
seed
C
Pinaceae-type
pine family
twig
C
Pinus edulis–type
pinyon pine
cone scale
C, U
Pinus-type
pine
bark scale
C, U
Pinus-type
pine
wood
C, P
U
Pinus-type
pine
nut (seed)
Pinus-type
pine
nutshell
Pinus-type
pine
wood
P, U
Plantago-type
woolly wheat
seed
C
Polygonum-type
bindweed
achene
C
Populus/Salix-type
cottonwood/willow
wood
C
C, U
Portulaca retusa–type
purslane
seed
C
Prunus/Rosa-type
chokecherry/rose
wood
C
Purshia-type
cliff-rose/bitterbrush
wood
C, P
C
Purshia-type
cliff-rose/bitterbrush
leaf
C
Purshia-type
cliff-rose/bitterbrush
seed
C
Quercus-type
oak
wood
C
Rhus aromatica–type
lemonade berry
wood
U
Rhus aromatica var. trilobata–type
lemonade berry
seed
C, U
C
ring porous–type
ring porous
wood
C
Rosaceae-type
rose family
wood
C
Salix-type
willow
wood
C
Scirpus-type
bulrush
achene
C, U
semi-ring porous–type
semi-ring porous
wood
C
Solanaceae-type
potato family
seed
C
Stipa hymenoides–type
Indian ricegrass
floret
C
Yucca baccata–type
datil yucca
leaf
C
Yucca baccata–type
datil yucca
seed
C
Yucca-type
yucca
fiber
C
C
Yucca-type
yucca
leaf
U
C
unknown botanical
unknown
various
C, U
unknown, Type A
unknown, Type A
wood
C
unknown, Type 1
unknown, Type 1
seed
C, U
unknown, Type 2
unknown, Type 2
seed
U
unknown, Type 3
unknown, Type 3
seed
C
Nonbotanical
termite
termite
fecal pellet
C
NOTE: The word "type" following a family, genus, or species designation indicates that the ancient botanical specimen is similar to the taxon named, but that other taxa in the area may also have similar-looking parts.
C = charred; P = partly charred; U = uncharred.
Copyright © 2007 by Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. All rights reserved.