DONATE TODAY
Study Unit
Description
Inside Date (A.D.)
Outside Date (A.D.)
Tree Species
PD
FS
PL
Tree-Ring Laboratory No.
Comments
BHT 114
not further specified
1015
1110++vv
juniper
620
2
CCC-2625
Bag comment: 1970's backdirt, north of Block 100 pit structure
BHT 115
not further specified
1022
1104vv
juniper
621
11
CCC-2627
Bag comment: general trench samples from PD621 FS9
BHT 115
not further specified
933
1059vv
juniper
621
10
CCC-2628
Bag comment: general trench samples from PD621 FS9
BHT 115
not further specified
942
1046vv
juniper
621
9
CCC-2629
4 from same beam; Bag comment: general trench samples
BHT 127
not further specified
851
909vv
juniper
739
1
CCC-2631
BHT 128
not further specified
841
1103++b
juniper
740
1
CCC-2559
BHT 1403
not further specified
1160
1239vv
juniper
642
11
CCC-2640
from PD642 FS10
BHT 1403
not further specified
931
1042+vv
juniper
642
10
CCC-2639
BHT 1406
not further specified
1098
1188vv
juniper
921
1
CCC-2641
BHT 216
not further specified
1052
1169++vv
juniper
714
10
CCC-2632
BHT 218
not further specified
1195
1256vv
juniper
933
8
CCC-2633
from PD933 FS4
BHT 218
not further specified
1026
1146vv
juniper
933
4
CCC-2634
BHT 219
not further specified
1135
1250vv
juniper
934
9
CCC-2636
from PD934 FS1
BHT 219
not further specified
1184
1246vv
juniper
934
8
CCC-2638
from PD934 FS1
BHT 219
not further specified
1142
1239vv
juniper
934
7
CCC-2635
from PD934 FS1
BHT 219
not further specified
961
1056vv
juniper
934
1
CCC-2637
NST 101
midden
1063
1127vv
juniper
889
18
CCC-2570
from PD889 FS17
NST 101
midden
835
909+vv
juniper
889
17
CCC-2571
NST 101
midden
919
962vv
juniper
85
7
19
CCC-2537
ATTACHED TO PL 20
NST 1102
extramural surface
1152
1199vv
pinyon
966
13
CCC-2566
from PD966 FS1
NST 1102
extramural surface
860
986+vv
pinyon
966
1
CCC-2568
NST 153
midden
997
1066vv
juniper
1863
24
53
CCC-2740
NST 153
midden
961
1045vv
juniper
1852
27
27
CCC-2741
NST 153
midden
1076
1130+r
juniper
1852
26
45
CCC-2739
NST 153
midden
1007
1130+rb
juniper
1852
25
33
CCC-2738
NST 153
midden
889
1022vv
juniper
1852
21
32
CCC-2737
NST 154
midden
868
991vv
juniper
1174
13
132
CCC-2660
NST 154
midden
1050
1124vv
juniper
1174
11
130
CCC-2659
NST 154
midden
974
1114r
juniper
1174
9
128
CCC-2658
NST 154
midden
856
1093+vv
juniper
1170
34
115
CCC-2657
NST 154
midden
960+/-
1041vv
juniper
1002
7
33
CCC-2624
NST 154
midden
1010
1124vv
juniper
1002
5
31
CCC-2623
5 from same beam
NST 154
midden
850
941vv
juniper
1002
2
32
CCC-2622
2 from same beam
NST 154
midden
973
1084vv
juniper
1002
1
29
CCC-2621
NST 154
midden
838+/-
1067+v
juniper
745
9
28
CCC-2620
NST 154
midden
838+/-
1067+v
juniper
745
8
27
CCC-2620
NST 154
midden
1037
1096vv
juniper
745
5
21
CCC-2619
NST 154
midden
885
972+vv
juniper
745
3
19
CCC-2618
NST 154
midden
886+/-
1076vv
juniper
745
1
23
CCC-2617
NST 154
midden
1059p
1122vv
juniper
743
2
9
CCC-2616
NST 154
midden
935
1057vv
juniper
686
1
CCC-2614
3 from same beam
NST 157
midden
1029p
1125+v
juniper
691
1
5
CCC-2572
STR 104
masonry surface structure
974
1101+vv
juniper
48
75
14
CCC-2538
STR 104
masonry surface structure
1026
1119vv
juniper
48
74
13
CCC-2539
STR 104
masonry surface structure
1022
1127b
juniper
48
71
10
CCC-2540
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
687p
763vv
pinyon
747
13
16
CCC-2612
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
688p
755vv
pinyon
747
10
11
CCC-2611
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
708p
776+rg
juniper
747
6
12
CCC-2610
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
727
779+r
pinyon
747
5
25
CCC-2609
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
700
744+v
pinyon
747
4
15
CCC-2608
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
653p
774+r
pinyon
747
1
26
CCC-2606
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
682
771+v
juniper
502
1
1
CCC-2545
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
695p
774+rb
juniper
500
6
33
CCC-2547
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
732
772vv
pinyon
500
2
31
CCC-2543
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
671
758vv
pinyon
499
9
27
CCC-2549
7 from same beam
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
733
775+r
pinyon
499
8
28
CCC-2544
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
727p
771vv
juniper
499
7
29
CCC-2546
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
670
771+r
juniper
499
1
36
CCC-2542
4 from same beam
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
681
772rg
juniper
498
5
14
CCC-2534
STR 110
earth-walled pit structure
697
773vv
pinyon
498
3
18
CCC-2533
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
836+/-
1224B
juniper
2011
6
132
CCC-2775
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
854+/-p
1121++vv
juniper
2008
9
124
CCC-2776
1 of 2 pieces.Primary beams
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
1124p
1190rB
juniper
2008
3
128
CCC-2773
Count: 2
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
1122p
1204r
juniper
2008
2
126
CCC-2777
Count: 3
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
956
1116vv
juniper
1886
4
81
CCC-2774
STR 1106
subterranean kiva
987
1108vv
juniper
1732
8
45
CCC-2772
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
1111
1205v
juniper
2136
14
CCC-2782
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
1154
1205B
juniper
2136
13
CCC-2783
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
1074
1126r
juniper
2136
12
CCC-2784
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
957
1103vv
juniper
2136
3
CCC-2785
84 pieces; skip species ID; in screen
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
908p
1130vv
juniper
2131
10
26
CCC-2787
16 pieces
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
1064
1144r
juniper
2131
5
14
CCC-2788
2 pieces
STR 1114
subterranean kiva
896
1181vv
juniper
2131
4
24
CCC-2786
2 pieces
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1030
1165++vv
juniper
1995
4
126
CCC-2761
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
978
1121vv
juniper
1995
2
121
CCC-2762
Count: 3
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1065
1188v
juniper
1994
4
103
CCC-2767
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1055
1194r
juniper
1994
2
101
CCC-2769
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1097p
1194r
juniper
1994
1
100
CCC-2768
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1011+/-
1135vv
juniper
1907
22
83
CCC-2760
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1058
1203vv
juniper
1907
13
99
CCC-2771
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
987
1149vv
juniper
1907
10
95
CCC-2770
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
1130
1193r
juniper
1845
27
49
CCC-2765
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
916
1023vv
juniper
1845
16
64
CCC-2764
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
995
1091vv
juniper
1845
13
67
CCC-2766
STR 1205
subterranean kiva
879
970vv
juniper
910
12
18
CCC-2763
STR 122
subterranean kiva
1072
1119r
juniper
1860
17
CCC-2780
STR 122
subterranean kiva
865
1061++vv
juniper
1860
7
206
CCC-2778
STR 122
subterranean kiva
982
1062vv
juniper
1860
3
CCC-2779
7 pieces
STR 122
subterranean kiva
986
1129+B
juniper
1744
30
177
CCC-2781
COUNT=30+; many fragments of same beam, same as FS 31.
STR 123
subterranean kiva
1117vv
unknown
624
72
Sample collected by CMC in 1977, from either STR 122 or STR 123.
STR 123
subterranean kiva
1085vv
unknown
624
71
Sample collected by CMC in 1977, from either STR 122 or STR 123.
STR 123
subterranean kiva
1060
1147+v
juniper
624
60
CCC-2564
from PD624 FS21
STR 123
subterranean kiva
1045
1116vv
juniper
624
59
CCC-2560
2 from same beam; from PD624 FS20
STR 123
subterranean kiva
1042
1120vv
juniper
624
21
1
CCC-2563
10 from same beam
STR 123
subterranean kiva
974
1078vv
juniper
624
20
CCC-2561
21 from same beam
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1128
1249r
juniper
2036
55
CCC-2795
30 screen dendros
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1103+/-
1207vv
juniper
2036
24
125
CCC-2789
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1129
1227++v
juniper
2036
11
112
CCC-2793
3 pieces
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1123
1204vv
juniper
2036
10
111
CCC-2791
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1154p
1204r
juniper
2036
6
107
CCC-2792
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
895
1092vv
juniper
2036
4
105
CCC-2794
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1190
1251r
juniper
2030
50
CCC-2797
Count: 8
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
946p
1195++vv
juniper
2030
36
78
CCC-2799
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1105
1203vv
juniper
2030
31
83
CCC-2796
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
840p
1024vv
juniper
2030
21
71
CCC-2798
Count: 6
STR 1315
subterranean kiva
1145
1202v
juniper
1975
25
27
CCC-2790
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
902+/-p
1051vv
juniper
2106
12
105
CCC-2804
6 pieces
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
1021+/-
1174vv
juniper
2103
33
80
CCC-2806
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
990p
1212v
juniper
2103
29
93
CCC-2808
bag 2 of 2
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
1047
1210v
juniper
2103
22
64
CCC-2807
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
994
1144vv
juniper
2103
8
73
CCC-2801
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
1057p
1205v
juniper
2103
1
CCC-2805
121 pieces
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
1002
1149VV
juniper
1972
2
13
CCC-2802
STR 1316
subterranean kiva
1051+/-
1172vv
juniper
1936
2
12
CCC-2803
STR 140
nonmasonry surface room
941
1101vv
juniper
2059
7
4
CCC-2735
STR 140
nonmasonry surface room
830+/-p
1098vv
juniper
2059
5
5
CCC-2736
3pieces
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1171
1249vv
juniper
1240
16
26
CCC-2666
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1166
1212vv
juniper
1240
14
24
CCC-2665
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1158
1255+vv
juniper
1240
12
22
CCC-2664
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1086
1252rb
juniper
1240
10
20
CCC-2663
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1140
1235vv
juniper
1237
4
5
CCC-2661a
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1075
1218vv
juniper
951
7
12
CCC-2585
BEAM ON FLOOR
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1183
1258v
juniper
929
17
8
CCC-2583
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1209
1258v
juniper
929
11
115
CCC-2582
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
983
1223++vv
juniper
929
7
104
CCC-2581
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1162
1251+vv
juniper
752
1
5
CCC-2580
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1159
1217+vv
juniper
749
2
4
CCC-2576
40+ RINGS
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
385
530++vv
juniper
748
6
59
CCC-2579
30+ RINGS
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1061
1152vv
juniper
748
5
57
CCC-2578
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1190
1256+vv
juniper
748
3
55
CCC-2577
about 50+ RINGS
STR 1402
subterranean kiva
1160
1238vv
juniper
664
7
1
CCC-2575
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1077
1141vv
juniper
1239
1
71
CCC-2677
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1040
1150+vv
juniper
1198
57
CCC-2670a,b
FS 57 was assigned to another tree ring sample from FS 1 that was dated by the tree ring lab.
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1084
1126+vv
juniper
1198
56
CCC-2669
FS 56 was assigned to another tree ring sample from FS 1 that was dated by the tree ring lab.
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
924
1080vv
juniper
1198
27
57
CCC-2676
2
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
887
966vv
juniper
1198
23
53
CCC-2675
3
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
958
1076vv
juniper
1198
14
44
CCC-2674a
1
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1071
1145vv
juniper
1198
11
41
CCC-2673a
6
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
888
971vv
juniper
1198
6
36
CCC-2672
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
931
1037+vv
juniper
1198
4
34
CCC-2671
8
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
967
1097vv
juniper
1198
1
CCC-2668
35
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1001+/-
1162vv
juniper
1195
9
16
CCC-2683
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
955
1062vv
juniper
1195
1
CCC-2682
2
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1050
1108vv
juniper
1193
3
5
CCC-2681a
2
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
853p
1057++vv
juniper
1065
53
105
CCC-2679
4
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
852p
979+vv
juniper
1065
25
50
CCC-2678
10
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1188
1255+vv
juniper
1063
22
35
CCC-2680
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1161p
1239vv
juniper
952
14
2
CCC-2590
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1171
1254b
juniper
952
8
18
CCC-2589
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1171
1254b
juniper
952
7
17
CCC-2589
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
1015
1086+vv
juniper
952
4
11
CCC-2588
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
966
1075vv
juniper
948
2
15
CCC-2587
8 FROM SAME BEAM
STR 1408
subterranean kiva
947
1060++vv
juniper
948
1
12
CCC-2586
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
878
1022vv
juniper
1232
8
70
CCC-2689
6
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
832
937+vv
juniper
1232
6
67
CCC-2688
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
857
1007vv
juniper
1231
8
79
CCC-2690
8
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
1006
1117vv
juniper
1230
9
39
CCC-2687
3
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
1069
1155vv
juniper
1230
6
32
CCC-2686
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
1065
1124r
juniper
1228
6
18
CCC-2685
STR 1505
subterranean kiva
852
947vv
juniper
1226
8
13
CCC-2684
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1072
1228+vv
juniper
882
24
27
CCC-2599
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1123
1230++vv
juniper
882
21
23
CCC-2598
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1122p
1245v
juniper
713
1
2
CCC-2600
about 40 RINGS
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1116
1198+v
juniper
708
1
63
CCC-2603
about 45 RINGS
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1148
1204vv
juniper
706
21
51
CCC-2601
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1124
1230vv
juniper
706
19
49
CCC-2602
STR 208
subterranean kiva
1148
1204vv
juniper
706
18
48
CCC-2601
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1048
1122vv
juniper
1406
42
419
CCC-2701
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1134+/-
1242vv
juniper
1406
30
406
CCC-2700
3
STR 221
subterranean kiva
988
1129vv
juniper
1305
92
299
CCC-2699
4
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1128
1194vv
juniper
1305
51
257
CCC-2698a
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1142
1210vv
juniper
1305
21
227
CCC-2697
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1168
1248b
juniper
1122
1
CCC-2696
9
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1116
1225vv
juniper
1070
20
103
CCC-2695
STR 221
subterranean kiva
915
1072vv
juniper
1070
1
CCC-2694
31
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1165
1231vv
juniper
1069
17
109
CCC-2692
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1004
1136++vv
juniper
994
2
CCC-2591
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1179
1238vv
juniper
768
19
69
CCC-2595
STR 221
subterranean kiva
992p
1219++b
juniper
768
13
68
CCC-2597
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1023
1229++v
juniper
768
10
61
CCC-2596
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1179
1238vv
juniper
768
9
60
CCC-2595
STR 221
subterranean kiva
1188p
1243b
juniper
768
4
53
CCC-2594
STR 223
subterranean kiva
959
1061vv
juniper
991
6
6
CCC-2554
STR 223
subterranean kiva
1168+/-
1250vv
juniper
991
5
5
CCC-2553
STR 223
subterranean kiva
835
897vv
juniper
991
3
3
CCC-2552
STR 223
subterranean kiva
833
998+vv
juniper
991
1
1
CCC-2550
3 FROM SAME BEAM
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1172
1255r
juniper
1451
36
310
CCC-2759
21 fragments from different beams
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1189p
1255r
juniper
1451
28
301
CCC-2754
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1142p
1252rG
juniper
1451
15
289
CCC-2758
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1164p
1251+rb
juniper
1451
13
291
CCC-2757
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1180
1255vv
juniper
1309
16
316
CCC-2756
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1055
1248++r
juniper
1308
25
249
CCC-2715
6 from same beam
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1004
1101vv
juniper
1308
2
186
CCC-2714
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1082
1219+vv
juniper
1256
123
253
CCC-2713
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1172
1253+r
juniper
1256
82
181
CCC-2712
STR 224
subterranean kiva
963+/-p
1076+vv
juniper
1256
11
81
CCC-2711
2
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1063
1211vv
juniper
1256
7
77
CCC-2710
9
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1031
1174+vv
juniper
1184
12
117
CCC-2709
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1189p
1252+v
juniper
1075
47
23
CCC-2705
FS 47 assigned to another tree ring sample from FS 2 that was dated by the tree ring lab
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1076
1167vv
juniper
1075
10
45
CCC-2708a, b
STR 224
subterranean kiva
974
1143vv
juniper
1075
5
34
CCC-2707
STR 224
subterranean kiva
992
1095v
juniper
1075
2
23
CCC-2706
STR 224
subterranean kiva
905
1171vv
juniper
992
48
13
CCC-2704
STR 224
subterranean kiva
1166
1254+v
juniper
992
40
66
CCC-2703
STR 224
subterranean kiva
899+/-
1215vv
juniper
992
31
13
CCC-2702a
bag comment "cont. from 98 fragment sawed off'
STR 224
subterranean kiva
911p
1238++b
juniper
992
12
13
CCC-2605
STR 224
subterranean kiva
931
1077++vv
juniper
992
9
10
CCC-2604
STR 224
subterranean kiva
931
1077++vv
juniper
992
7
7
CCC-2604
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1071
1249r
juniper
1991
199
CCC-2819
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1181
1249r
juniper
1991
186
113
CCC-2813
Count: 4
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1073
1159vv
juniper
1991
175
183
CCC-2818
Count: 3
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1184
1250r
juniper
1991
156
192
CCC-2816
Count: 3. Likely from separate beams
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1165p
1250r
juniper
1991
145
105
CCC-2815
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1177p
1248rB
juniper
1991
113
129
CCC-2817
STR 241
subterranean kiva
998
1184vv
juniper
1991
104
173
CCC-2814
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1115
1196v
Douglas fir
1991
96
174
CCC-2823
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1114+/-p
1236+vv
juniper
1991
53
263
CCC-2821
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1095
1237++r
juniper
1991
39
249
CCC-2811
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1135p
1247vv
juniper
1991
37
247
CCC-2824
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1038
1156vv
juniper
1991
36
246
CCC-2812
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1122
1238r
juniper
1991
31
241
CCC-2822
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1146p
1236+r
juniper
1991
29
239
CCC-2809
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1073
1176vv
juniper
1991
18
228
CCC-2810
STR 241
subterranean kiva
1069
1135v
juniper
1991
1
CCC-2820
STR 243
subterranean kiva
1131r
unknown
2187
2
CMC sample
STR 243
subterranean kiva
1129r
unknown
2187
1
CMC sample
STR 405
subterranean kiva
1109
1248++vv
juniper
2091
21
91
CCC-2743
STR 405
subterranean kiva
1159
1250++v
juniper
2089
2
11
CCC-2742
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1158
1202vv
juniper
2083
27
91
CCC-2750
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1142
1229+v
juniper
2083
26
90
CCC-2748
STR 406
subterranean kiva
914
1038vv
juniper
2083
19
83
CCC-2753
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1068+/-
1184vv
juniper
2083
11
75
CCC-2752
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1042
1185vv
juniper
2083
7
70
CCC-2751
2 pieces
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1005
1146++v
juniper
1800
13
28
CCC-2746
STR 406
subterranean kiva
890
989vv
juniper
1800
11
27
CCC-2744
STR 406
subterranean kiva
1160
1223vv
juniper
1800
8
26
CCC-2749
STR 406
subterranean kiva
915
1038++vv
juniper
1800
6
40
CCC-2745
STR 410
subterranean kiva
1212r
unknown
2170
5
CMC sample
STR 410
subterranean kiva
1199vv
unknown
2170
4
CMC sample
STR 410
subterranean kiva
1191vv
unknown
2170
3
CMC sample
STR 410
subterranean kiva
1186vv
unknown
2170
2
CMC sample
STR 410
subterranean kiva
1084vv
unknown
2170
1
CMC sample
PD = provenience designation; FS = field specimen; PL = point-location number.
Date symbol explanations (from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Tucson, Arizona):
- B Bark is present.
- r Less than a full section is present, but the outermost ring is continuous around the available circumference.
- v A subjective judgment that, although there is no direct evidence of the true outside on the sample, the date is within a very few years of being a cutting date.
- vv There is no way of estimating how far the last ring is from the true outside; many rings may be lost.
- + One or a few rings may be missing near the outside whose presence or absence cannot be determined, because the series does not extend far enough to provide adequate cross dating.
- ++ A ring count is necessary beyond a certain point in the series because cross dating ceases.